Sheep and goat flocks in Romania and the EU

Sheep and goat farming are a significant livestock sector in Romania and across the European Union (EU). These species are integral to the rural economy, providing meat, milk, wool, and other products.

In Romania, sheep and goats are commonly raised in various regions, contributing substantially to both local economies and the national agricultural output. The EU is one of the leading regions in the world for sheep and goat farming, with countries like Spain, France, Greece, and Romania playing pivotal roles in this industry.

On December 31, 2023, Romania had 11.7 million sheep and goats. In sheep and goat herds, Romania ranked second among the EU member states, after Spain (15.8 million heads).

There are more than 70 million sheep and goats in the European Union (85% sheep and 15% goats), often raised in economically vulnerable areas such as mountainous regions.

However, the health of these flocks is constantly under threat from various diseases, one of the most serious being the Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR). This disease poses a significant risk not only to the livestock industry but also to food security and the livelihoods of many farmers.

Peste des Petits Ruminants - GENERAL INFORMATION

Peste des Petits Ruminants, also known as Ovine Rinderpest, is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects small ruminants such as sheep and goats. The disease was first discovered in the Ivory Coast in 1942 and has since spread to various parts of the world, including Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and parts of Europe.

The disease is caused by the Morbillivirus caprinae, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, which is closely related to the virus that causes rinderpest in cattle.

According to the National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority (ANSVSA) of Romania, PPR is a serious viral disease that does not affect humans but can have devastating effects on small ruminants. Mortality rates in infected animals can reach up to 70%, making it one of the most dangerous diseases for sheep and goats.

Manifestation of the disease and its dangers

PPR manifests itself in several ways, depending on the severity of the infection. Infected animals typically exhibit symptoms such as high fever, nasal discharge, and sores in the mouth. These symptoms are followed by severe respiratory distress, diarrhea, and in many cases, death. The disease spreads rapidly through direct contact between animals, as well as through contaminated food, water, and equipment.

The danger of PPR lies not only in its high mortality rate but also in its ability to spread quickly across regions, affecting large numbers of animals in a short period. This can lead to significant economic losses for farmers, especially in regions where sheep and goat farming is a primary source of income. The disease also poses a threat to food security, as it can lead to a substantial reduction in the production of meat and milk.

Number of outbreaks in Romania

Romania has not been immune to outbreaks of PPR.

According to the latest updates from ANSVSA, the country has experienced several outbreaks of the disease in recent years. On 19.08.2024, there were reported 60 outbreaks of Ovine Rinderpest in Romania (with a total of 232,927 animals). The outbreaks were in the following counties: Tulcea, Constanța, Timiș, and Ialomița.

These outbreaks lead to the implementation of quarantine measures, culling of infected animals, and increased surveillance of sheep and goat flocks. The Romanian authorities have been vigilant in monitoring the situation to prevent the further spread of the disease.

Measures to be taken in case the disease appears
Incinerator models suitable for sheep farms

In the event of a PPR outbreak, the disposal of infected carcasses is a critical step in controlling the spread of the disease. Incineration is one of the most effective methods of disposal, as it ensures that all pathogens are destroyed.

For emergency situations where mortality is higher, larger-capacity incinerators may be required. Flextim Industry representatives can provide tailored solutions based on the specific needs of the farm.

The need to maintain and increase biosecurity on farms

Maintaining a high level of biosecurity is crucial in preventing the introduction and spread of diseases like PPR. Biosecurity measures include controlling the movement of animals, people, and equipment on and off the farm, as well as ensuring regular cleaning and disinfection of facilities.

Farmers should be vigilant in monitoring their animals and report any signs of illness to veterinary authorities immediately. Regular testing and vaccination can help protect flocks from infection.

For more detailed biosecurity information, farmers can visit Flextim Industry websites such as www.dezinfectieferme.ro or www.farmsdisinfection.com.

CONCLUSION

Peste des Petits Ruminants is a serious threat to sheep and goat farming in Romania and the EU. Understanding the disease, how it spreads, and the necessary control measures is essential for protecting flocks and ensuring agricultural sustainability.

By partnering with Flextim Industry, farmers and veterinary authorities can access top technical solutions, ensuring effective disease control and biosecurity on their farms.